SYS 478: Fall 2026

Tue, Sep 8

Module 2. Machines, Data, and AI

How Do Computers Compute?

Materials, electricity, transistors, chips, architecture, and logic.

Topic / Focus

This unit on machines, data, and AI opens by asking how computers compute at all: materials, electricity, transistors, chips, architecture, and logic. Grounding this material basis matters before we talk about what AI systems can and cannot do.

Format: Full class · Lesson template: Concept + Lab

Guiding Questions

  • What are computers physically made of, and how does that enable computation?
  • How do transistors and logic gates become higher-level computation?
  • Why does AI’s material infrastructure matter for who holds power over it?

In This Class

In this meeting, we will:

  • walk through the physical basis of computing: materials, transistors, logic
  • connect material infrastructure to where power can concentrate
  • preview computing’s physical costs, covered in the next meeting